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KMID : 0352720130370010054
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Journal of Ginseng Research
2013 Volume.37 No. 1 p.54 ~ p.63
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Ginsenoside Rd inhibits the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mouse liver
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Kim Dae-Hyun
Chung Jae-Heun
Yoon Ji-Sung
Ha Young-Mi
Bae Sung-Jin
Lee Eun-Kyeong
Jung Kyung-Jin
Kim Min-Sun
Kim You-Jung
Kim Mi-Kyung
Chung Hae-Young
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Abstract
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Ginsenoside Rd is a primary constituent of the ginseng rhizome and has been shown to participate in the regulation of diabetes and in tumor formation. Reports also show that ginsenoside Rd exerts anti-oxidative effects by activating anti-oxidant enzymes. Treatment with ginsenoside Rd decreased nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-challenged RAW264.7 cells and in ICR mouse livers (5 mg/kg LPS; LPS + ginsenoside Rd [2, 10, and 50 mg/kg]). Furthermore, these decreases were associated with the down-regulations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and of nuclear factor (NF)-kB activity in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that ginsenoside Rd treatment decreases; 1) nitric oxide production (40% inhibition); 2) PGE2 synthesis (69% to 93% inhibition); 3) NF-kB activity; and 4) the NF-kB-regulated expressions of iNOS and COX-2. Taken together, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Rd are due to the down-regulation of NF-κB and the consequent expressional suppressions of iNOS and COX-2.
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KEYWORD
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Panax ginseng, Ginsenoside Rd, Inducible nitric oxide synthase, Cyclooxygenase-2, Prostaglandin E2
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